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Music Education Philosophy History
The first notated music in the western world dates back to around the 9th century. Gregorian Chant was a form of sacred music that consisted of one melody. These melodies were organized by Saint Gregory and came from the first centuries of the church's establishment.
Around the year 1200, polyphonic music, or music with multiple lines played simultaneously, began to appear. Most of this music came from anonymous composers.
The next period of music came between the years 1400 and 1600 and was known as the Renaissance Period. The music was more complex and many new instruments were being invented at this time. Some composers of this period were Byrd, Gabrieli, and Josquin.
The Baroque era of music came between the years 1600 and 1750. The music of this period was very flashy and intense. It contained much more counterpoint than previous music. Cannons and fugues were popular during this time, and composers often improvised fugues to prove themselves. The first major opera, Monterverdi's Orfeo was composed in 1607.
The Classical era was during the years 1750 to 1820. Music was more homophonic, or consisted of a single melody with accompaniment. Later Classical era pieces had tighter melodies and were diatonic. The four most famous composers of this era were Haydn, Gluck, Mozart, and Beethoven.
The Romantic Era focused on artistic expression and creativity. The music was more experimental and expressive and often was inspired by folk music. Dissonance and chromaticism were more common. Famous composers were Chopin, Tchaikovsky, Brahms, and Verdi.
The Modern Era of music hard to describe. It is a rebellion of the Romantic era, and composers actively wanted to break the common rules of music composition. The music tends to be more mysterious. Well known composers were Copland, Vaughan Williams, Hindemith, Barber, and Bartok.
During the 20th century, popular music began appearing in the form of jazz, rock, country, and many derivitives.
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